DAY63 Reading comprehension Direction: In this part, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the on e
DAY63 Reading comprehension Direction: In this part, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the on e that you think is the correct answer. Passage 1 Man is an aggressive creature, which will hardly be disputed. With the exception of certain animals, no other creature habitually destroys members of his own species. No other animal takes positive pleasure in the exercise of cruelty upon another of his own kind. We generally describe the most repulsive examples of mans cruelty as brutal or bestial, implying by these adjectives that such behavior is characteristic of less highly developed animals than ourselves. In truth, however, the extremes of “brutal” behavior are confined to man; and there is no parallel in nature to our savage treatment of each other. The depressing fact is that we are the cruelest and most ruthless species that has ever walked the earth; and that, although we may recoil in horror when we read in newspaper or history book of the atrocities committed by man upon man, we know in our hearts that each one of us harbors within himself those same savage impulses which lead to murder, to torture and to war. To write about human aggression is a difficult task because the term is used in so many different senses. Aggression is one of those words which everyone knows, but which is nevertheless hard to define. As psychologists and psychiatrists use it, it covers a very wide range of human behavior; and so is the judge who awards a thirtyyear sentence for robbery. The guard in a concentration camp who tortures his helpless victim is obviously acting aggressively. Less manifestly, but no less certainly, so is the neglected wife who threatens or attempts suicide in order to regain her husbands affection. When a word becomes so diffusely applied that it is used both of the competitive striving of a footballer and also of the bloody violence of a murderer, it ought either to be dropped or else more closely defined. Aggression is a portmanteau term which is fairly bursting at its steams. Yet, until we can more clearly designate and comprehend the various aspects of human behavior which are sorted to this head, we cannot discard the concept. One difficulty is that there is no clear dividing line between those forms of aggression which we all deplore and those which we must not disown if we are to survive. When a child rebels against authority it is being aggressive: but it is also manifesting a drive towards independence which is a necessary and valuable part of growing up. The desire for power has, in extreme form, disastrous aspects which we all acknowledge, but the drive to conquer difficulties, or to gain mastery over the external world underlies the greatest of human achievements. Some writers define aggression as “that response which follows frustration”, or as “an act whose goalresponse is injury to an organism (or organism surrogate)”. In the authors view these definitions impose limits upon the concept of aggression which are not in accord with the underlying facts of human nature which the word is attempting to express. It is worth noticing, for instance, that the worlds we use to describe intellectual effort are aggressive words. 1. Man is unique according to the passage in A. regularly killing members of the same species. B. enjoying reading about atrocities. C. enjoying being cruel to members of the same species. D. gaining pleasure from watching acts of violence. 2. The writer implies that people A. would be quite incapable of violenceB. are cruel in their everyday lives. C. are unmoved by acts of violence.D. possess the potential to commit acts of violence. 3. The writer says that the word “aggression” A. is easy to define because everyone knows it. B. can be used to describe a limited range of human behavior. C. is so imprecise as to be totally meaningless. D. cove
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